Hydrocarbon-furnace



(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheen 1.

. H. LAND.

HYDROGARBON PURNAE.

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G. H. LAND.

Y 'HYDROGARBON FURNAGE.

No. 376,003. 'Patent-ed Jan. s, 1888..

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'(No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet 3.

C. BLAND.

HYDROCARBON FURNAGE.

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IJVVEJVTOR UNITED STATES PATENTy OFFICE.

CHARLES H. LAND, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.`

HYD/n ooARBoN-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part o/f Letters Patent No, 376,003, dated January3, 1888.

y l Application filed`Alpril 722, 1886. Serial No. 199,823. (No model.)

. To all whom, it 71mg/ concern:

specification.

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. LAND, of

Detroit, county f Wayne, State of Michigan,

have invented a new and useful Improvement in Hydrocarbon-Furnaces; andI declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description' ofthe same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itpertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of this My invention has for its object animproved V compound hydrocarbon-furnace for obtaining high temperaturesby the use of liquid or gaseous fuels, either separately or incombinationi'with each other, i'or metallurgical, chemical, and variousother purposes; and it consists ofthe combinations ot' devices andappliances' hereinafter specified, and more particularly pointed out inthe claims.

ln the drawings, Figure I is a side elevan tion ot' a device embodyingmy invention.

Fig. 2 is a similar elevation from the opposite side. Fig. 3 is avertical cross-section; Fig. 4, a Vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 5is a perspective view with the cover thrown'up,

l and illustrating features of my invention.

` thereto.

any suitable escape iiues or vents, b2, of any proper construction,either consisting simply of orices in the case or otherwise, as may bedesired. For some uses, also, it will be advantageous to close the casein an outer wrapping of asbestus or other analogous packing, B3, toprevent the penetration of air through the wall. 1Where a covering andbase-section are made separate and united, I prefer, also, to provide anintermediate packing of asbestus or other analogous material, as shownat b. This packing I have found to be a thorough prevent-ive to theentrance of the atmosphere to the combustion-chamber. Y

C represents a support to the furnace.

D represents a mufle or oven located within the combustion-chamber,which may be of any desired construction, provided with one or moreorifices, d, having any desired location, butA preferably located at thetop of the muffle, as shown, through which the residue of combustion mayenter the mufle. The mnftie is constructed to rest a little above-thebase of Co the combustion-chamber, so that the products of combustionmay have free circulation unvderneath and around the same.

order to bring the air-blast and the hydrocarbon vapors to the burnersin a heated condition, I prefer to lead the pipes E2, communicatingwithV said hydrocarbon-main J, through the base of thecombustion-chamber,as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 3, and thence to theburner, as shown, while also the pipes E', communicating with the mainG, are likewise led through the base-wall of the combustion chamber andthence to the burner.

jj are stop-cocks ,in the main J, -to control the supply of hydrocarbonto either of the burners.

K represents an air-pipe leading from the air-main G to the blow-pipe H.

le is a stop-cock to control the admission of air thereto.

L represents a hydrocarbon-pipe leading from the main J to theblow-pipe; Z, a stopcock to govern the admission of hydrocarbon to theblow-pipe.

M represents a counter-draft pipe located in supports m, preferably overthe furnace and the orifices b2, so that the draft in its passagethrough said pipes may be heated by the products of combustion escapingthrough said orifice. This counter-draft pipe is engaged with a movablefurnace-door, N. This pipe I prefer to hang in such a manner that it mayhave a longitudinal sliding movement, and also a swinging movement atright angles to said sliding movement, so that the door N may be throwndown to close the entrance to the combustiolrehamber, as shown in Fig.l, or so that the door maybe removed and thrown out of the way, as shownin Fig. 2, for purposes which I will hereinafter explain. Ilhe end ofthe counterdraft pipe opposite the movable door is connected with theair supply pipe Fin any suitable manner-as, for instance, by anintermediate ticxible pipe, m', leading to an additional air main, M,communicating with the air-main G. It is evident, however, that thecounter-draft pipe may be caused to communicate with the air-blast pipeF in various ways, and I would haveit understood that I do not limitmyself to the means shown.

mi represents a stop-cock to govern the admission of air to thecounter-draft pipe.

P represents a heavy-hydrocarbon receptacle; P', an air-blast pipecommunicating therewith, and P2 a pipe through which heavy hy drocarbonpasses from said receptacle to the hydrocarbon-main J. I prefer thatsaid pipe I" should pass. through the base of the wall of thecombustionchamber, so that its contents may be heated before beingdelivered into the main J. The force of the supply throughthe pipe Iwill prevent the heavy hydrocarbon passing through the pipe I2 fromdescendingr into the hydroearboirpipe I, the contents ol' each of saidpipes l and P2 being caused to split or divide from the point of theirentrance into the main J and pass in both directions to both burnerswhen the stop-cocks J and J are opened.

p represents a stop-coek to govern the admission of heavy hydrocarbonthrough the pipe I.

m is a stop-cock to control the admission of air into the receptacle I).

Q is a hydrocarbon-pipe leading from the main Jinto thecombustion-chamber, provided with a stop cock, g, to control theadmission of hydrocarbon therein.

R represents a jar for supplying any desired atmosphere to thecombustion chamber.

Ha\ing thus described the various parts, I will now proceed to set forththe operation of the device. It will be seen that the hydrocarbon supplythrough the pipe I is divided upon its entrance into the main J andpasses in both directions from the point of its admission into saidmain, thence through the basewall of the combustion-chamber, and becomesheated, from whence it is communicated through pipes El to the burnersE. rlhe airblast F passes to the main G, and, being divided, passes inboth directions through said main and through the base-wall of thecombustion-chamber, whereby it becomes heated and is passed to theburner through the pipes E. Combustion takes place beneath and aroundthe muffle D, carbon monoxide being formed around the base of the mufleand earbon dioxide around the upper part of the muflle, and the dioxide,being heavier, is driven into the inutile through the orifices b, whilethe monoxide disappears. For many kinds of work it will be convenient toleave the inutile and the combustionchamber open at one end, as shown inFig. 4. The blast which forces the carbon dioxide into the inutilethrough the orifices d affords an effectual resistance to the entranceof air into the mufle, excluding oxygen and overcoming all liability ol'oxidation. Should, however, the presence of oxygen be ldesired withinthe Innftle, the removable door N is caused to close thecombustion-ehambcr, when a blast of air may be admitted through the pipeM, which passes through thevdoor. lhus the force of the blast throughthe pipe M will force oxygen into the muflle. This may be readilyaccomplished whenever the presence of oxygen is desirable. So, too, whenfor any purpose the presence of hydrocarbon is desired in the combastionchamber, it may be readily admitted through the pipe Q. By locating apiece of mica in the door N, as shown at n, Fig. 2, the progress of thework within the muftle may be watched when the combustionehamber isclosed. By admitting lheair-blast through the pipe M, the same beingheated by the passage of said pipe over the orifice b2, thecounter-pressa re ofsaid blast will readily overcome the pressureproduced by the blast through lil within the combustion-chamber, so thatall fuelgases may be entirely prevented from entering the muflle,eventhough it should be cracked, so that in this manner the most delicateporcelain may be baked without the least liability of injury. It willbeseen, moreover, that by disengaging the flexible pipe m from themainlll and engaging said ileXible pipe with the jar R or other retort, asupon the retort-pipe r, and leading a separate pipe from the main M tothe retort, as at r2, any desired vapor or gas may be forced into theinutile, thus making the furnace invaluablcfor scientific experimentsand other uses. W'hen the muflle is removed from the furnace, twoburners are exposed and the base is ready for the various appliances forCrucible, ladle, and blow-pipe work. One or both burners may be operatedat any time, and also, if desired, in conjunction with the blow-pipe.The furnace may readily he heated to a very high temperature in a verybrief period oft-imc. Thelight orheavy hyd roearbon supply through thepipes I and I2 may either be used separate or together in any desiredquantity, while means arc provided, as shown and deseribed,by which anyother desired gas or vapor-such as oxygen, hydrocarbon, nitrogen,&c.maybe easily introduced for any desired purpose, the whole mechanism beingcompletely under the control ofthe operator, and the temperature may beheld or raised to any desired point. Various chemical effects may thusbe produced within the furnace both upon the gases admitted and upon thesubstances placed in the muffle or IIO ` crucible. I have discoveredthat the presence of carbon' dioxide forced into and through thecombustion-chamber or muffle in this manner is a `readyandelfectualmeans for preventing the oxidation of substances at hightemperatures in open hearths, while the hearth may be closed in aconvenient manner whenever desired. This counter-resistance of the blastof carbon dioxide through the open mufile, preventing the encroachingatmosphere, I regard as a very importantfeature of my invention.'

A furnace so constructed is adapted for a great variety of purposes,such as muffie-work, crucible-work, blow-pipe work, forging,and braz,-ing,while it is complete in its adaptation,also, for the uscs of thechemist, assayer, jeweler, dentist, metallurgist, and others. The rangeof work that can be accomplished by means of it is practically withoutlimit, while at the same time the work may be done much moreexpeditiously than has'been the casein devices hitherto constructed.VThe furnace may be heated to over 3,240o Fahrenheit in afew minutes. Bymaking the furnace in two or more sections theproper construction of theinterior tire-brick surface of the combustionchamber and any repairsneeded therein may be readily accomplished while the bed or base is alsoaccessible for different purposes. In leading the'pipe Pl through thebase of the furnace I prefer to enlarge the pipe, so that there will beformed a cavity (shown at p) above the heavy hydroc-arbon,in which saidcarbon may be vaporized, and a tendency overcome for the same to bedriven into the combustion chamber without being properly vaprized, thepipe P'l thus forming a generator. The saidpipe may be provided with aglass indicator, p2. By the use ofthe'hcavy hydrocarbon vaporized in thepipe Ptthe cost offuel may be materially reduced, while also the heavyhydrocarbon is capable of producing a higher heat. By making the mufflerelnovable, as shown, a new muflie may readily be inserted in case onebecomes inj ured,apd even when the furnace isV heated. The pipe Q,whereby hydrocarbon may be admitted into the combustion chambensh'ouldbeintroduced ,into said chamber in the region of the presence of dioxideof carbon, for the reason that should it enter the presence of theregion of monoxide of carbon free oxygen would be en-` countered and thceffect destroyed; but on entering the region of dio xideof carbon anyfree oxygen that might be forced into this region would be taken up bythe hydrogen so injected. By locating it as above described a richercarbon may be created to be forced into the muftie, and carbon bethereby deposited in the muffle, if'desiredt Ihave ascertained that thepresence of the monoxide of carbon is very injurious inits effect whereit is allowed to come in contact with the work; but by this con- Asillustrated in Fig. 5, the furnace is adapted for use with blow-pipework, brazing and soldering, Crucible-work, Ste. In this caseS'represents a cruciblejacket. By ref- 7C erence to the same it will beseen that a crucible, S', can be set within and all kinds of smeltingcarried on thereby, the jacket serving to confine-heat upon thecrucible,and also serves as asupport therefor. When the muf# tie isremoved and the cru'cible thus located in place, the device is adaptedfor jewelers7 use for making certain castings, &c., while at the sametime that vthis operation is being performed upon one of theburnerstheother may 8O be used for soldering-work. In the usual investments ofpieces of jewc1ry,-artilicial teeth, and the like, it will be seen thatby placing them over the blast of one of the burners they can beconveniently brought up to a red heat, 55

and then, by a small jetfrom the blow-pipe., the soldering can be hadwithout danger of oxidation, the blast serving the same purpose as theusual charcoal beds in work of this kind. In smeltiug the orcs-iron oreespe- 9o clally-as heretofore conducted, the monoxide of carbon hasalways been present and'mingles with the smclting mass, resulting inconsequent injury. Dioxide of carbon, however, becomes a protector tosuch substances, and it therefore becomes exceedingly desirable to smeltores in the presence of dioxide of car-` bon and not in the presence oflnonoxide of carbon. My invention is designed to provide forthe'arcomplishment of this end in an effi- 10o cient and simple manner.

In Fig. 3 the monoxideA of carbon will be formed in the region betweenthe dotted lines a a and b I), while the dioxide will be formed betweenb b and c c. lhe dioxide of carbon becomes a protector in the smeltingol' ores, as no free oxygen is present.

For smelting ores I design to provide my furnace with an improved'muftle or retort, which will form the subject of a separate ap 11oplication. I

In the use of crucihles and their'jackeis of\X` the form shown in Fig. 5I prefer to employ a cap, s, removably located upon the Crucible, theCrucible preferably extending above the jacket,.the cap thus serving toradiate the heat down and around the Crucible, while it permits readyaccess also to the crucible.

For certain kinds of work the cruciblemight be wholly located within thejacket and sup- 12o ported upon a tripod with any suitable cover.

Iam aware that furnaces have been provided with adjustableinjection-pipes whereby the direction in ywhich the fuel and air areinjected into the furnace may be varied, and that steam, air, andhydrocarbon have been e injected into a furnace through a mixing-pipedirectly exposcdto the heated products of combustion from said furnace;but these I do not claim, and my invention differs from such 13o andfrom other inventions of this class, in that the gases and vapors arevnot injected into the combustion-chamber, but into the mufiie for thepurpose of producing certain definite effects on substances placedtherein, and also in the greater variety of uses to which my furnace canbe successfully applied, its greater simplicity, economy, andconvenience, and in the peculiarities of construction hereinbeforedescribed, and defined in the following claims.

I would have it understood that I do not claim the combination ofhydrocarbon burners with a inutile and furnace, nor the combination,with such lnutiie-furnace and burners, of an air-blast; neither do Ibroadly claim a inutile-furnace made in separate sections or providedwith asbestus packing and air-tight wrapping. I would also have itunderstood that I do not herein claim the combination, with ahydrocarbon mutilefurnacc and burners, of a light-hydrocarbon pipe orgenerator and a heavy-hydrocarbon reservoir and generator, ashereindescribed, as such will beinade thesubject ofaseparate application forpatent.

l. The combination, with afurnace chamber having an air and vapor blast,of a inuific pro vided with openings in its top and a counter air-blastpipe communicating with the interior of the mufie, substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination, with a furnace-chamber having escape-dues, a mutliein said chamber, and a burner for heating the same, of a counter-blastpipe located over the escape-fines of the furnacechamber, whereby it issuperheated and adapted to convey a counter-blast into thefurnace-chamber to drive ofi" injurious gases from the work and to admitdetermined gases to the work without chilling the ninffle, substantiallyas described.

3. The combination, with a' :truffle-furnace having a movable door and aburner for heating the furnace, of a sliding and swinging counter-blastpipe adapted to communicate with the interior of the mufiie, saidpipebeing located over the escape-[lues ot' the furnace and connectedwith the movable furnace-door, substantially as and for the purposesdescribed.

4. The combinatiomwith afurnace-chamber, a niuffle having top openings,aburner, andan air-blast exertingaprcssurc upon theproducts ofcombustion, of acounter-blast to communicate with the interior of themuffle and force the products of combustion out under a greater pressurethan that operating the blast iu the combustion-chamber, substantiallyas and for purposes described.

5. The combiuation,\vith a furnace-chamber, a inniiie, and aheating-burner, of a removable door, and a counter-blast pipe locatedover the escape-tlues of the furnace-chamber, substantially' asdescribed.

6. The combination, with a mufe-furnace provided with burner and aremovable door, ofan air-blast pipe communicating with the burner, and acounter-blast pipe supporting said door, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a muftle-furnace provided with an air and vaporblast, of a counter-blast pipe communicating with the air and vaporblast and adapted to communicate with the interior of the furnace,substantially as described.

8. The combination, with a inutile-furnace provided with vents b, of amuffle perforated upon its upper surface, said furnace provided with oneor more burners, the construction being such that the carbonic dioxidegenerated within the furnace will penetrate the mnftle, substantially asdescribed.

9. Ihecombinationofa furnace-chamber,au open muftle arranged in saidfurnace-chamber and having top perforations, and a heating burnerprovided with an air-blast and communicating with the furnace-chamber toforce the residue ot' combustion through the inutile and resist theencroachment of the atmosphere into said open mutlle,substantiallyasdescribed.

l0. The combination, with a furnace-chamber provided with a removablecover and a inutile, of air and oil supply pipes and a blowpipe locatedin front ot' the open niuiile, substantially as described.

In testilnony whereof I sign this specification in the presence of twowitnesses.

CHARLES H. LAND.

Witnesses:

N. S. WRIGHT, M. B. ODoGnnR'rY.

